Ukulawulwa kwebanga le-Excavator okungalawula ama-valve omshini wokubacindezela kusakazeka kuyo yonke imikhiqizo ukuze kusebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo, kunciphisa izimfuno kuma-opharetha nokwenza kube lula ukuzuza imiphumela oyifunayo.
Izici eziningi esizukulwaneni sakamuva sabavubukuli zenza ukusebenza kwe-semi-automatic kwemisebenzi ebalulekile.Lokhu kwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza komsebenzisi.
"Ukulawulwa kwebanga kuhamba ngokushesha embonini yezokwakha njengesiphepho," kusho u-Adam Woods, umphathi we-innovation and technology integration, i-LBX.“I-Link-Belt iyakubona lokhu futhi seyenze isixazululo esididiyelwe sokugreda esinikezwa i-Trimble Earthworks, esibizwa nge-Link-Belt Precision Grade.Uhlelo lusebenza ngazwi linye futhi luhlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo kusistimu yethu yokuphathelene ne-hydraulic, ebizwa nge-Spool Stroke Control.
“I-Link-Belt Precision Grade yathuthukiswa futhi yethulwa ngezinhloso eziningi, kodwa ukunqanda igebe lezabasebenzi kwakungenye yazo,” kuqhuba yena."Njengoba iningi labasebenzi abanolwazi bathatha umhlalaphansi, imboni izobona ukwanda kwesizukulwane esisha esizovala lezo zikhundla."Ngalokhu kufika isidingo sokufundisa, ukuqeqesha nokufunda.Yilapho isisombululo sokugreda esididiyelwe singena khona esithombeni."Ukuthatha ama-opharetha amasha nokubayisa emazingeni okukhiqiza ama-opharetha asebekhulile esikhathini esingamahora kanye/noma izinsuku, i-Link-Belt Precision Grade ibheka ukusika ijika lokufunda ukuze yenze amakhasimende akhiqize futhi asebenze kahle ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka."
Izici ezizenzakalelayo ziyithuluzi elihle labasebenzisi abasha noma abanamakhono amancane.“Kubasiza ukuthi bagcine ibanga ngokubasiza uma ibhakede selifike ebangeni futhi [kubavumela] ukuthi balizwele,” kusho uRyan Neal, uchwepheshe wemakethe, iCaterpillar.“Futhi kubasebenzi abanamakhono, kungenye ithuluzi ebhandeni labo.Uma sebevele beqonda ukufunda izigxobo zebanga futhi bezwa ukujula nokuthambeka, lokhu kuzobaqhubekisela phambili ekubeni nembe kakhudlwana isikhathi eside futhi kusize ekukhathaleni kwengqondo kwabasebenzisi.”
Ukunemba kwezinsiza ezizenzakalelayo
I-Standard Cat Grade with Assist yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunyakaza kwe-boom, induku nebhakede ukuze ilethe ukusikeka okunembe kakhudlwana ngomzamo omncane.Umsebenzisi umane usethe ukujula nokuthambeka kumonitha futhi enze kusebenze ukumba kwelever eyodwa.
“Sinikeza i-Cat Grade with Assist ohlwini lwethu oluningi, kusukela ku-313 kuya ku-352, njengokujwayelekile,” kusho uNeal.“Kuvumela osebenzisa i-opharetha ukuthi agcine izinga futhi agcine umqhubi enembe kakhudlwana futhi engakhathali ngokwengqondo ngenxa yokumba ebangeni usuku lonke.Sinesixazululo esijwayelekile se-2D salabo abafuna ukugcina ukujula okuthile, kanye nesixazululo se-3D esivela efekthri noma kumthengisi we-SITECH.
UJohn Deere wenze umsebenzi waba lula ngobuchwepheshe be-SmartGrade."Sihlomise i-210G LC, 350G LC kanye ne-470G LC nge-SmartGrade ukuze sinikeze opharetha abasezingeni lokungena lokuhlangenwe nakho ikhono lokufinyelela ibanga ngokushesha nangokuzethemba," kusho u-Justin Steger, umphathi wezokuthengisa wezixazululo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesayithi kanye nomhlabathi.“Ngokulawula i-boom nebhakede, lobu buchwepheshe be-semiautomatic bukhulula opharetha ukuthi agxile ekusebenzeni kwengalo, okuholela ekuhlolweni okumbalwa kwebanga njalo.Ubuchwepheshe be-SmartGrade buzokwenza ama-opharetha ama-novice abe ama-opharetha amahle futhi asebenze kahle.”
Umshini wokumba we-Komatsu's intelligent Machine Control (iMC) uvumela opharetha ukuthi agxile ekunyakazeni impahla ngendlela efanele kuyilapho elandelela kancane kancane indawo eqondiwe futhi ekhawulela ukumba.“Kusukela nge-PC210 LCi-11 yethu, sethule i-iMC 2.0,” kusho u-Andrew Earing, umphathi womkhiqizo wemishini elandelwayo.“Nge-iMC 2.0, sizobe sinikeza isilawuli sokubamba amabhakede kanye nokulawula amabhakede okuzikhethela, izici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezizosiza ekukhiqizeni okuphelele nokusebenza kahle endaweni yomsebenzi.”
I-Bucket Angle Hold kanye nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Auto-Tilt izici ezintsha kuma-excavators e-Komatsu iMC.Nge-Bucket Angle Hold, opharetha usetha i-engeli yebhakede ayifunayo futhi isistimu igcina ngokuzenzakalelayo i-engeli kuyo yonke iphasi yokugreda.Ukulawula kwe-Auto-Tilt kutshekisela ibhakede endaweni eklanywe ngayo futhi kulibuyisela endaweni evundlile ukuze lilayishwe.
Ukulawulwa kwe-Auto Tilt kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesizinda somsebenzi.“Akusadingeki ukuthi uhambise umshini ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ufuna ukudlula esigabeni,” kusho u-Earing."Manje ungakwenza lokho usendaweni eyodwa futhi uqhubeke uklelisa izindawo ngokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu."
I-auto grade assist ikwenza kube lula ukufika ezingeni.Umsebenzisi uhambisa ingalo, futhi i-boom ilungisa ubude bebhakede ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ilandele indawo eqondiwe yomklamo.Lokhu kuvumela u-opharetha ukuthi enze imisebenzi yokumba enzima ngaphandle kokukhathazeka mayelana nezindawo zokuklama futhi ahlele kahle ngokusebenzisa i-lever yengalo kuphela.
Njengesinyathelo sokuqala esibheke ku-automation, i-Case Construction yangena endaweni yokulawula umshini wefekthri ngezimbambi zayo ze-D Series ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.Manje usungakwazi uku-oda futhi ulethe i-Case excavator enesistimu yokumba ye-2D noma ye-3D esivele ifakiwe futhi yahlolwa yi-OEM.
“Esikwenzayo lapha ukufanisa, ukufaka nokuhlola amasistimu e-2D ne-3D kusuka ku-Leica Geosystems ngezimba ze-Case D Series kuze kufike ku-CX 350D,” kusho uNathaniel Waldschmidt, umphathi womkhiqizo - abavubukuli.“Yenza ibe lula kakhulu inqubo yokuthola.
"Ukulawulwa komshini kunamandla okuguqula ukukhiqiza, ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo yesikhathi eside yabavubukuli," uyaqhubeka."Manje sengeza ukulawulwa komshini nabavubukuli be-turnkey ngokuphelele, okuvumela osonkontileka ukuthi bathole lezo zinzuzo ngendlela engenamthungo ngomthengisi wabo Oqinisekisiwe we-Case SiteControl."
Ukuthuthukiswa Kokukhiqiza Okulinganisekayo
Ukuhlola okwenziwa ama-OEM amaningi okumba ama-excavator abonisa ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza okuhlaba umxhwele lapho kusetshenziswa imisebenzi yokulawula yebanga ezenzakalelayo.
“Esivivinyweni esilawulwayo se-planar slope grading, silinganise isivinini nokunemba komfundi osanda kufunda kanye no-opharetha onolwazi ngemodi yezandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula [ka-John Deere] kwe-SmartGrade 3D.Imiphumela yaba i-SmartGrade yenze u-opharetha we-novice wanemba ngo-90% futhi washesha ngo-34%.Kwenze u-opharetha onolwazi ngo-58% anembe kakhulu futhi asheshe ngo-10%,” kusho uSteger.
Izifundo zokukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle zibonisa izinzuzo okunzima ukuziba.“Uma senza izifundo eziyisibonelo esikhathini esedlule, sithola noma yikuphi ukuthuthuka okungafika ku-63% ngesikhathi,” kusho i-Komatsu's Earing.“Isizathu esenza sikwazi ukufika lapho ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bunciphisa kakhulu noma buqede ukushoda.Ukulinganisa kusebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngempela ngalobu buchwepheshe esikhundleni sokubuyisela umuntu esizeni.”Ukuqinisekisa okwakhiwe kungenziwa yi-excavator."Sekukonke, ukonga isikhathi kukhulu."
Ubuchwepheshe futhi bucindezela kakhulu ijika lokufunda.“Izinsuku zokulinda izinyanga neminyaka yokuthi abaqhubi abasha bathole amakhono adingekayo ukuze basike amamaki anembile, anembile azisekho,” kusho uWoods."Izinyanga neminyaka manje iba amahora nezinsuku ngosizo lwe-Link-Belt Precision Grade semi-autonomous Machine Control futhi ikhombisa amasistimu okuqondisa ngomshini."
Ubuchwepheshe bufinyeza izikhathi zomjikelezo, futhi."Ngokuthembela emshinini nakusistimu ukwenza zonke izibalo eziqondile kanye nokucabanga, opharetha angangena emgodini futhi aphume ngokushesha ngokuvumela umshini ukuba wenzele umsebenzi omuhle wokugreda," kuchaza uWoods.“Ngendlela isistimu ehlala ihlezi ekujuleni okulungile kwendlela yesisebenzisi, umsebenzi uqedwa ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuqagela.
"Ukukhiqiza kuhloliwe futhi kwahlolisiswa ukuze kuboniswe intuthuko efinyelela ku-50%, kuye ngesicelo somsebenzi," uyaphawula.“I-automation isusa ngokusobala ukuqagela emsebenzini, ivumela abaqhubi ukuthi bagxile kwezinye izinto.I-Automation iphinde ivumele izindawo zemisebenzi ukuthi zisebenze ngaphandle kwesidingo sabahloli abengeziwe kanye nabahloli bebanga endaweni yokusebenza.Lokhu kuwanciphisa kakhulu amathuba kanye nobungozi bokulimala kwababukele ngesikhathi kwenziwa imisebenzi yangaphambilini.”
Ukuvikela Ukumba Kakhulu Kulingana Nokulondoloza Okukhulu
Ukulahleka kokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zempahla eyeqile ezihambisana nokumba kakhulu kuyimbangela enkulu yezindleko ezindaweni eziningi zemisebenzi.
"Ngezinkulungwane futhi ngezinye izikhathi amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi alahlekelwe ukumba ngokweqile ... ezintweni ezifana nokugcwalisa izinto ezidingekayo, isikhathi esilahlekile ngenxa yokumba kanye nesikhathi esichithwe kuhlolwa ukunemba kanye nebanga, ukuvikela ukumba kungagcina imali," kusho uWoods."Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amanye amabhizinisi ephonswa 'kubomvu' ngenxa yezibalo ezingalungile, ezithinta amabhizinisi, ezinye izinkampani zingase ziqhubeke ngenxa yokunciphisa ukumba ngokweqile."
Ukuhlale uqapha inqubekelaphambili ukuze ufike ezingeni futhi mhlawumbe wehlise ijubane njengoba usondela ebangeni lokugcina akukhiqizi kahle, ngakho i-Link-Belt inikeza nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela ukumba ngokweqile, futhi."Ukuvikela ukumba ngokweqile kugcina abaqhubi besebenza ngamandla abo amakhulu, kunciphisa isidingo sezinto zokubuyisela emuva ezibizayo futhi kunciphise indaba yesikhathi esilahlekile, uphethiloli kanye nokuguga emshinini omba ngaphezu kwebanga ngokungazi," kuchaza uWoods.
U-John Deere unezici ezimbili ezisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo njengendlela yokuzivikela ngokumelene nesikhathi esichithwa ngokumba ukujula kakhulu."Eyokuqala i-Overdig Protect, isivikelo sendawo eklanyiwe evimbela opharetha ukuthi ambe ngale kwepulani eliklanyelwe," kusho uSteger.“Enye i-Virtual Front, ukumiswa konqenqema lwebhakede ngaphambi kokuba ithinte ngaphambili komshini ebangeni elisethiwe ngaphambili.”
Ibanga Lekati elinohlelo lwe-2D liqondisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukujula kokumba, umthambeko kanye nebanga elivundlile ukuze lifinyelele ngokushesha nangokunembile ibanga olifunayo.Abasebenzisi bangahlela kufikela kokune kwethagethi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kanye nokususwa kwe-slope ukuze u-opharetha akwazi ukufinyelela ebangeni kalula.Okuhle kunakho konke, abekho abahloli bebanga abadingekayo ukuze indawo yokusebenza iphephe kakhudlwana.
Ibanga Lekati elinesistimu ye-2D lingathuthukiswa liye kwiBanga eline-2D Ethuthukisiwe noma iBanga eline-3D ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqiza nokwandisa amakhono okugreda.I-GRADE ene-2D Ethuthukisiwe yengeza amakhono omklamo wangaphakathi nge-10-in eyengeziwe.ukuqapha kwesikrini esithintwayo esinokulungiswa okuphezulu.I-GRADE ene-3D yengeza i-GPS ne-GLONASS ukuze uthole ukunemba kokukhomba.Futhi, kulula ukuxhuma kumasevisi e-3D afana ne-Trimble Connected Community noma i-Virtual Reference Station ngobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obakhelwe ngaphakathi be-excavator.
Ubuchwepheshe be-iMC ye-Komatsu busebenzisa idatha yedizayini ye-3D elayishwe ebhokisini lokulawula ukuze ihlole ngokunembile indawo yayo ngokuqhathanisa nebanga eliqondiwe lokuklama.Lapho ibhakede lifinyelela lapho okuhlosiwe, isofthiwe ivimbela umshini ukuthi ukwazi ukumba ngokweqile.
Lolu hlelo oludidiyelwe olufakwe efekthri lokulawula umshini ohlakaniphile lufika ngendlela evamile enamasilinda amanzi azwiwa yi-stroke, izingxenye eziningi ze-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) kanye nenzwa ye-Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).Isilinda esizwa i-stroke sinikeza ulwazi olunembile, lwesikhathi sangempela lokuma kwebhakede kusiqapha esikhulu se-in-cab, kuyilapho i-IMU ibika umumo womshini.
Ubuchwepheshe be-iMC budinga amamodeli e-3D."Indlela esiyihambile njengenkampani ukuthi sikwazi ukwenza noma iyiphi isayithi ye-2D ibe isayithi le-3D," kusho u-Earing.“Yonke imboni iphokophele ku-3D.Siyazi ukuthi lelo yikusasa eliqhakazile lale mboni.”
UJohn Deere unikeza izinketho zokuphatha amabanga amane: I-SmartGrade, i-SmartGrade-Ready ene-2D, i-3D Grade Guidance kanye ne-2D Grade Guidance.Amakhithi okuthuthukisa enketho ngayinye avumela amakhasimende ukuthi asebenzise ubuchwepheshe ngejubane lawo.
“Ngokufaka ubuchwepheshe obunembayo obufana ne-SmartGrade ohlelweni lwethu lwe-excavator, sithuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kwezindawo zemisebenzi sibe sithuthukisa amakhono abaqhubi bethu,” kusho uSteger.“Kodwa-ke, asikho isixazululo esilingana konke, futhi osonkontileka badinga izinketho zokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufanele nezidingo zabo zebhizinisi.Yilapho amakhasimende ezuza khona ngempela ekuguquguqukeni kwendlela yethu yokuphatha ibanga.”
I-excavator ye-SmartGrade yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi ye-boom nebhakede, ivumela opharetha ukuthi afinyelele kalula ibanga lokuqeda elinembile.Uhlelo lusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokumisa be-GNSS ukuze bube nokuma okuqondile nokuqondile.
Indawo Yokusebenzela Echaziwe Ithuthukisa Ukuphepha
Ngokuhlale uqonda kahle ukuthi i-boom nebhakede kubekwe kuphi kusayithi, ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bungasetshenziswa ukukhawulela indawo yokusebenza echaziwe futhi banikeze izixwayiso zabasebenzisi uma besondela ezindaweni ezinezithiyo, njengezintambo zikagesi ezihamba phezulu, izakhiwo, izindonga, njll.
“Imishini esebenza ngezinto ezimbiwayo isihambe ibanga elide,” kusho uNeal.“Izici zethu zokusebenziseka kalula zingakha 'ibhamuza lokuphepha' elizungeze umshini elizosiza ukuvimbela umshini ukuthi ungashayi into, kanye nokugcina abantu bephephile eduze komshini.Sinekhono lokudala ophahleni olubonakalayo ngaphezulu nangaphansi komshini, phambi komshini kanye nohlangothi nohlangothi, kanye nokugwema ikhebhi.”
Ngokungeziwe ekugwemeni okujwayelekile kwekhebhu, iCaterpillar inikeza i-2D E-Fence egcina ukuxhumana okungaphambili ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza echazwe ngaphambilini ukugwema izingozi endaweni yomsebenzi.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa ibhakede noma isando, i-2D E-Fence evamile imisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunyakaza komklami kusetshenziswa imingcele ebekwe kusiqapha sayo yonke imvilophu esebenzayo - ngenhla, ngezansi, izinhlangothi nangaphambili.I-E-Fence ivikela okokusebenza emonakalweni futhi inciphisa izinhlawulo ezihlobene nokuklanywa kwezindawo noma ukulimala kokusetshenziswa komhlaba.Imingcele ezenzakalelayo isiza ngisho nokuvimbela ukukhathala komsebenzisi ngokunciphisa ukushwibeka nokumba.
UJohn Deere usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo.“Ngaphezu kokugcina indawo yomsebenzi isebenza kahle nangesikhathi sisezingeni elifanele, i-Virtual Ceiling, i-Virtual Floor, i-Virtual Swing kanye ne-Virtual Wall iqapha indawo ezungezile yomshini,” kusho uSteger."Ngokuphambene nokukhawulela umshini ngokusebenza ngamanzi, lolu cingo lusebenza ngokuzwakalayo nangokubonakalayo luxwayisa opharetha njengoba umshini usondela emikhawulweni emisiwe."
Lindela Ukunemba Okukhulayo Ngokuzayo
Ubuchwepheshe be-automation buthuthuka ngesivinini esisheshayo.Ngokuqondene nokuthi izoyaphi esikhathini esizayo, ukunemba okwenyukayo kubonakala kuyindikimba evamile.
"Into emisha ebaluleke kakhulu ku-automation ingaba ukunemba," kusho uNeal.“Uma kungenalo iqiniso, akukho okuningi okuhle ngobuchwepheshe.Futhi lobu buchwepheshe buzoba ngcono futhi bube nokunemba okungcono, izinketho ezengeziwe, amathuluzi okuqeqesha, njll. Ngizwa sengathi isibhakabhaka siwumkhawulo."
USteger uyavuma, ephawula, “Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, cishe sizobona amasistimu okuphatha amabanga kuyo yonke imishini eminingi ngokunemba okungcono kakhulu.Kuhlala kunethuba lokwenza imisebenzi eminingi yomjikelezo wokumba, futhi.Ikusasa liqhakazile kulobu buchwepheshe.”
Ingabe i-automation egcwele ingaba semkhathizwe?"Njengoba izinhlelo embonini namuhla zizimele, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lusadinga ukuba khona komsebenzisi, umuntu angacabanga futhi alindele ukuthi ikusasa lifake indawo yokusebenza ezimele ngokuphelele," kusho uWoods."Ikusasa lalobu buchwepheshe kanye nemboni yethu linqunyelwe kuphela umcabango kanye nabantu abakuwo."
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-13-2021